Showing posts with label circuit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label circuit. Show all posts
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
Simple Self Oscillating Switching Converter Circuit Diagram
This is a Simple Self Oscillating Switching Converter Circuit Diagram. Regulation is provided by taking the rectified output of the sense winding and applying it as a bias to the base of Q2 via zener Dl. The collector of Q2 then removes drive from the gate of Ql.
Therefore, if the . output voltage should increase, Q2 removes the drive to Ql earlier, shortening the on time, and the output voltage will remain the same. De outputs are obtained by merely rectifying and filtering secondary windings, as done by D5 and C4.
Self Oscillating Switching Converter Circuit Diagram
Monday, September 30, 2013
Preamplifier For Soundcard Circuit
This circuit can be used for inductive pick-up elements and dynamic microphones Most soundcards have a ‘line’ input and one for an electret (condenser) microphone. To be able to connect an inductive tape-recorder head or a dynamic microphone, an add-on preamplifier is needed. Even in this day and age of integrated microelectronics, a transistorised circuit built from discrete part has a right of existence. The preamplifier described in this short article goes to show that it will be some time before discrete transistors are part of the silicon heritage. The preamplifier is suitable for use with a soundcard or the microphone input of a modem. As you will probably know, most sound-cards have input sockets for signals at line level (stereo), as well as one for a (mono) electret microphone.
For the applications we have in mind, connecting-up an inductive pick-up element or a dynamic microphone, both inputs are in principle suitable, provided the source signal is amplified as required. The author eventually chose the microphone input on the soundcard. Firstly, because the line inputs are usually occupied, and secondly, because the bias voltage supplied by the micro-phone input eliminates a separate power supply for the preamplifier. The microphone input of a soundcard will typically consist of a 3.5-mm jack socket in stereo version, although only one channel is available. The free contact is used by the soundcard to supply a bias voltage to the mono electret microphone. This voltage is accepted with thanks by the present preamplifier, and conveniently obviates an external (mains adaptor) power supply.
Circuit diagram:
A classic design:
In true transistor-design fashion, the preamplifier consists of three stages. Capacitor C1 decouples the signal received from the microphone or pick-up element, and feeds it to the input of the first stage, a transistor in emitter configuration, biased to provide a current amplification of about 300 times. Together with the source impedance of the microphone or pick-up element, capacitors C2 and C3 form a low-pass filter which lightly reduces the bandwidth. In addition, the output low-pass, R2-C3, reduces the dynamic collector resistance at higher frequencies. In this way, the filter reduces the gain in the higher part of the frequency spectrum and so helps to eliminate any oscillation tendencies.
The first, high-gain, stage is terminated by T2. Unlike T1, this transistor does not add to the overall gain, because the output signal is taken from the emitter (common-collector circuit). T2 thus acts as an impedance converter, with C4 reducing any tendency to oscillation. The output stage around T3 is a common-emitter circuit again. In it, preset P1 determines the voltage amplification. T3 is biased by means of a direct-current feedback circuit based on components R7 and C5. To this is added an ‘overruling’ dc feedback path back to the input transistor, via R6. This measure guarantees good dc stability in the preamplifier. The circuit is small enough to be built on a piece of veroboard or stripboard, and yet remain reasonably compact.
To prevent interference from external sources, the completed board should be mounted in a properly screened (metal) enclosure, with the connections to the input source and the sound card made in screened cable. The preamplifier provides a frequency-linear response. In case the source signal is marked by frequency correction (e.g., RIAA), then a matching linearization circuit should be used if the relevant signals are used by the computer.
Source : www.extremecircuits.net
Sunday, September 22, 2013
Non Contact Power Monitor circuit
Here is a simple non-contact AC power monitor for home appliances and laboratory equipment that should remain continuously switched-on. A fuse failure or power breakdown in the equipment going unnoticed may cause irreparable loss. The monitor sounds an alarm on detecting power failure to the equipment. The circuit is built around CMOS IC CD4011 utilising only a few components. NAND gates N1 and N2 of the IC are wired as an oscillator that drives a piezobuzzer directly. Resistors R2 and R3 and capacitor C2 are the oscillator components. The amplifier comprising transistors T1 and T2 disables the oscillator when mains power is available. In the standby mode, the base of T1 picks up 50Hz mains hum during the positive half cycles of AC and T1 conducts.
Circuit diagram:
Non-Contact Power Monitor circuit diagram
This provides base current to T2 and it also conducts, pulling the collector to ground potential. As the collectors of T1 and T2 are connected to pin 2 of NAND gate N1 of the oscillator, the oscillator gets disabled when the transistors conduct. Capacitor C1 prevents rise of the collector voltage of T2 again during the negative half cycles. When the power fails, the electrical field around the equipment’s wiring ceases and T1 and T2 turn off. Capacitor C1 starts charging via R1 and preset VR and when it gets sufficiently charged, the oscillator is enabled and the piezobuzzer produces a shrill tone. Resistor R1 protects T2 from short circuit if VR is adjusted to zero resistance.
The circuit can be easily assembled on a perforated/breadboard. Use a small plastic case to enclose the circuit and a telescopic antenna as aerial. A 9V battery can be used to power the circuit. Since the circuit draws only a few microamperes current in the standby mode, the battery will last several months. After assembling the circuit, take the aerial near the mains cable and adjust VR until the alarm stops to indicate the standby mode. The circuit can be placed on the equipment to be monitored close to the mains cable.
Wednesday, September 11, 2013
Simpled Solar Powered Lithium Ion Battery Charger Circuit
The circuit below feeds a controlled current and voltage to a 3.6v lithium ion battery. The current is limited to 300ma and the voltage is limited to 4.2 volts. The circuit uses a LTC1734 IC from Linear Technology. No diode is needed between the circuit and a 6 volt solar panel. Some very nice 6 volt solar panels are available from www.plastecs.comTheir SP6-200-12 cranks out about 1 watt while the SP6-300-12 can produce about 2 watts. Assuming a 6 hour sunlit day, the 2 watt panel will pump about 1.8 amp-hours into a battery.
Monday, May 27, 2013
Simple ufo Detector Circuit Diagram
This is some what different concept But here I have used very simple method.Most of people in the world find UFOs by looking at the sky most of time we can see some rich people buy cameras and focus them to the sky.But those unites are so expensive here I have shown you very simple diagram.When UFOs pass our area normally those machines out put high magnetic field so here we have used that magnetic power to detect them.when a UFO passes your area the magnet of your circuit will move. then the circuit will be switched on
Note
# Use 3V power supply
# Click this to make UM66 music circuit
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Note
# Use 3V power supply
# Click this to make UM66 music circuit
Friday, May 17, 2013
BA5406 Stereo Amplifier Circuit
In the circuit diagram shown, BA5406 is configures to deliver 5×2 watts into 4 ohm loudspeakers at a supply offer voltage of 9 volts. Capacitor C3 is a power supply filter capacitor. C11 and C12 are input DC decoupling capacitors for the left and right channels. C3 and R2 forms a Zobel network for the left output whereas C6 & R3 forms identical for the correct channel.
Purpose of the Zobel network is to cut back oscillations and improve high frequency stability of the amplifier. Potentiometers R5 and R6 serves as the quantity control for the left and right channels. CapacitorsC4 and C8 couple the outputs of the amplifier to the speakers. C9 and C10 are noise filtering capacitors. C1 and C5 are bootstrap capacitors for the left and right channels.
Purpose of the Zobel network is to cut back oscillations and improve high frequency stability of the amplifier. Potentiometers R5 and R6 serves as the quantity control for the left and right channels. CapacitorsC4 and C8 couple the outputs of the amplifier to the speakers. C9 and C10 are noise filtering capacitors. C1 and C5 are bootstrap capacitors for the left and right channels.
Monday, May 13, 2013
25 Watt Audio Amplifier Circuit
This is a 25 Watt basic power amp that was designed to be (relatively) easy to build at a reasonable cost. It has better performance than the standard STK module amps that are used in practically every mass market stereo receiver manufactured today. When I originally built this thing, it was because I needed a 25 Watt PC amp and did not want to spend any money. So I designed around parts I had in the shop. Parts:
R1 = 47K R2 = 4K7 R3 = 1K5 R4 = 47K R5 = 390R R6 = 470R R7 = 33K R8 = 150K R9 = 15K R10 = 27R R11 = 500R-1/2W R12 = 10R R13 = 10R R14 = 220R R15 = 220R R16 = 10R R17 = 8.2R-2W R18 = 22R-4W(wirewound) C1 = 470nF-63V C2 = 330pF-63V C3 = 470µF-63V C4 = 100nF-63V C5 = 470µF-63V C6 = 100nF-63V C7 = 100µF-25V C8 = 100nF-63V C9 = 10pF-63V C10 = 1µF-63V C11 = 100nF-63V Q1 = BC560C Q2 = BC560C Q3 = BC560C Q4 = BC560C Q5 = BC560C Q6 = BD140 Q7 = BD139 Q8 = IRF530 Q9 = IRF9530
Parts:
R1 = 3K3-1/2W C1 = 10nF-1000V C2 = 4700µF-50V C3 = 4700µF-50V C4 = 100nF-63V C5 = 100nF-63V D1 = 200V 8A Diode bridge D2 = 5mm. Red LED F2 = 3.15A Fuses with sockets F2 = 3.15A Fuses with sockets T1 = 220V Primary, 25 + 25V Secondary 120VA Mains transformer PL1 = Male Mains plug SW1 = SPST Mains switch
Notes:
* Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders. Simply add a 10K Log potentiometer (dual gang for stereo) and a switch to cope with the various sources you need. * Q6 & Q7 must have a small U-shaped heatsink. * Q8 & Q9 must be mounted on heatsink. * Adjust R11 to set quiescent current at 100mA (best measured with an Avo-meter connected in series to Q8 Drain) with no input signal. * A correct grounding is very important to eliminate hum and ground loops. Connect to the same point the ground sides of R1, R4, R9, C3 to C8. Connect C11 to output ground. Then connect separately the input and output grounds to power supply ground. * An earlier prototype of this amplifier was recently inspected and tested again after 15 years of use. Results, comments and pictures are shown here.
Friday, April 12, 2013
Flip Flop Led Circuit
Flip Flop LED
Flip flop circuit is a series of free runing multivibrator given the burden of LEDs on each side of the transition changes its output signal. Flip flop circuit with LEDs is quite simple, that is prepared with 2 units and 2 units of 2N3904 transistor circuit tank circuit composed by the RC circuit.
LED indicators signal a change that is placed on each side of the flip flop will be lit in turn by the fire and extinguished the same as the charge and discharge capacitor. Flip flop circuit is quite simple as shown in the picture below.Flip Flop LED series
The working principle is the flip flop over when the series voltage source is given then the 10uF capacitor will be charged through R 470 and the LED will then be forwarded to triger the transistor base so that the transistor will turn ON and LEDs. this occurs alternately on each side, so that the LED light will illuminate in turn as well.
555 Timer Touch Activated Alarm Circuit Diagram
This is the circuit diagram of touch activated alarm gadget which still activated on load shedding.\r\n Alarm device can be activated when any person touch the “touch plate” \r\nwhich is referred to as trigger. In this circuit the most up to date part is automatic\r\n battery activator which is made with the help of a relay. So don’t upset on load \r\nshedding you alarm gadget is activated. This circuit will be used at \r\nyour residence door, locker, car or steel gate and many others.
![](\"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVyRQZG0OAmwmp81M5uzVpOnWJUyFzuiWe-EgCAqAnp0XbfWswfESwUDVCwwPqArJph5g-SInmgiweex9jpYA3Ivbj_Tk3PO_LZVlg146QVW35S0yFKvlY9lSXV503kXwaBtxOfWolTN0S/s400/Touch+Activated+Alarm+Circuit.jpg\")
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Monday, April 8, 2013
How to Make a Light Activated Day Night Switch Circuit – Science Fair Project
This is the circuit diagram of a light activated switch based on National Semiconductors comparator IC LM 311 and a LDR. The circuit is based on a voltage
comparator circuit wired around IC 1.The non inverting in put of IC1 is
given with a reference voltage of 6V using resistors R3 and R4. The
input to the inverting input will be the voltage across the LDR that is
light dependent. At darkness the resistance of the LDR will be high and
so do the voltage across it.
At this condition the voltage at the inverting input will be higher than the reference at non inverting pin and the out put of the comparator will be low(~o V). When the LDR is illuminated ,its resistance drops and so do the voltage across it.Now the voltage at inverting input will be lower than that at non inverting input and the out put of the comparator goes high (~12 V). This makes transistor Q1 on and it drives the relay.As a result we get a relay switching according to the intensity of the light falling on the LDR.
At this condition the voltage at the inverting input will be higher than the reference at non inverting pin and the out put of the comparator will be low(~o V). When the LDR is illuminated ,its resistance drops and so do the voltage across it.Now the voltage at inverting input will be lower than that at non inverting input and the out put of the comparator goes high (~12 V). This makes transistor Q1 on and it drives the relay.As a result we get a relay switching according to the intensity of the light falling on the LDR.
Light Activated Switch Circuit Diagram with Parts List .
Light Activated Switch Circuit Diagram
Notes.
- Adjust POT R1 to set the desired light intensity for switching the relay.For this illuminate the LDR with the desire intensity light.The relay will be either on or off.Adjust POT R1 slowly so that the state of the relay changes.That’s it.Now the circuit is set for the given intensity of light.
- Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB or common board.
- You can use either a 12 V battery or a well regulated & filtered 12V DC mains operated power supply.
- The pin 5&6 (Balance & Balance/Strobe ) of IC LM311 are shorted to minimize the chance of oscillations.
- The pin out of LM311 is also given together with the circuit diagram.
Saturday, April 6, 2013
Power Saver Circuit Saving electricity
Do you know how to work his usual power saving devices in the market is shaped like a dry battery with a plug into an outlet?. Actually you can create your own tool with much better quality with much cheaper price.
Because of the way it works is to reduce the magnitude from cosine curve AC current that will be read on the gauge kilometer. Device work if there is air conditioning load passes through a coil of wire sensors to measure the AC current which is being passed.
Because of the way it works is to reduce the magnitude from cosine curve AC current that will be read on the gauge kilometer. Device work if there is air conditioning load passes through a coil of wire sensors to measure the AC current which is being passed.
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| Power Saver Circuit |
A very influential component in the AC circuit is a capacitor and inductor. Therefore we need to filter the AC current before it enters our home electricity network. Obviously we did not perform the act of theft of electricity, and this tool will not be detected by the device are as follows . How to installation, Here I would include a scheme of the circuit which will be installed close to the mile. The closer, the more optimal the way it works, use good quality capacitors, for security MCB here, serves to prevent the occurrence of shorting out due to damage to the capacitor. Then Enter in box or plastic box which is strong enough. Better capacitor in the cast by GIPs or cement, so that power is wasted heat well.
9 Volt Power Supply Circuit Diagram Using IC 7809
Circuit showing a 9 volt power supply .
Here we have used a bridge rectifier and 7809 ic for making this circuit.Where the ic regulate the output to 9 v,1 A .This voltage every time constant.Are you interested ?
Component Required
Diodes
IN 4007 -4
Capacitor
C1 1000 MFD/16v
IC
7809
Transformer
9-0 V ,1 A
source by : http://www.electronics-circuits.in/2012/02/9-v-power-supply.html
Friday, April 5, 2013
100W BTL TDA2030 amplifier circuit
TDA2030 amplifier circuit using the BTL system has a 100W output power and voltage of +15 V,-15V 0. Amplifier circuit you can see below.
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| TDA2030 100W amplifier circuit |
Water Level Sensor Circuit Using LM1830 Single Chip
This is a water sensor circuit design using based on a Conductive Liquid Level Sensor, this single chip circuit is very compact and simple. This circuit is an ac excited fluid level sensor, which uses alternating current to provide biasing for the sensor probe to avoid electrolysis of the probes. This ac excitation makes the sensing probe has longer lifetime. This circuit can be useful for wide range of water or liquid level sensing and control such as radiators, beverage dispensers, washing machines, water softeners, irrigation, reservoirs, boilers, aquarium, or sump pumps
Many type of fluids are electrically conductive and can be detected using this liquid level sensor circuit: city water/ground water, sea water, chopper sulfate solution, weak acid, weak base, household ammonia, water and glycol mixture, wet soil, coffee, or fruit juices. Remember that most of fuel doesn’t conduct electricity, so this circuit can be employed as fuel level sensor/detector. This is the figure of the circuit.
If we look at its data sheet, this water level sensor circuit chip is best at 10-24 volt supply voltage. The absolute maximum voltage supply for this liquid level sensor chip is 28V, but remembers to always try to avoid this extreme condition to prevent damaging the chip.
In the first circuit, a basic low level warning application uses a LED to indicate the water level falls below the sensor. You can see the filter pin (9) is not connected, this means that the LED is actually blinking at sound frequency, but it’s fine since our eye response is slow enough to notice such high speed blinking. Since without filter capacitor at pin 9 the output give a square wave signal, you can easily replace the led with loud speaker as shown in the second circuit to give audio indication. If you need a TTL or CMOS level then you should use a filtering capacitor connected to pin 9 and use the open collector output to drive a pull up resistor connected to a voltage supply at desired voltage level. For water level control, or any conductive liquid level control, you can use a relay to activate a motor or valve to control the level. The third circuit show this kind of application, and the relay can be seen as liquid/water level switch. The optional resistor seen in the third circuit is an option for high voltage transient that often occurs in automotive environment, and you can omit it if there is no such possibility. [Circuits schematic diagram source: National Semiconductor Application Notes]
Thursday, April 4, 2013
Basic Principles of the LC resonance circuit
If so far you are still confused how the actual origin of the resonance between the capacitor and the inductor is in progress, then the simple circuit above will answer your confusion.
By understanding a simple electrical circuit above hopefully we will be able to understand the working principle of a series of more complicated and complex that uses the relationship as a series inductor and capacitors transmitter and receiver.
Note the picture above, when the switch SW1 is pressed and released back then obtained by the same signal as in the picture above signal. Initially when SW1 is connected to the voltage supply, the capacitor will make filling fast. Then when SW1 is released charge on the capacitor will be used by the inductor as the supply voltage. In accordance with the general nature of the inductor that the DC signal will be considered ordinary wire inductor such that current flowing quickly through the inductor and the charge on the capacitor decreases rapidly exhausted. Uniquely current that was flowing through the inductor and capacitor will fill the empty capacitor back through the other terminal (negative cycle). Charging kapasior place quickly, then inductor will burden the back so that emptying of cargo going back. That so happens repeatedly (resonance occurs between L and C) until the electrical charge had been used up by these two components in the form of power losses. Equations between regular wire inductor is the inductor with wire work as usual at the time of current flowing to him. Inductors But unlike ordinary wire when current flows to him and vice versa. So it will not happen short circuit if the inductor to get the supply voltage alternating current (AC). But in ordinary wire short circuit will still occur even if the voltage of alternating current.
From the above analysis we can conclude that the LC resonance occurs because one component part affected by the characteristics of other components. For frequencies generated depend on the value of L and C itself. The greater the value of both the frequency will be smaller and smaller the value of both the frequency value will be even greater.
Simple 2 1 Surround Speaker System Circuit Diagram
Part List
| Component No: | Value | Usage |
| All C1 | 100MF | Grounding |
| All C2 | 100nF | Grounding |
| All C3 | 100nF | Grounding |
| All C4 | 100MF | Grounding |
| All C5 | 100MF | Feedback |
| All C6 | 100MF | Audio Coupling |
| All C7 | 220nF | Noise Grounding |
| All R1 | 1K | |
| All R2 | 10K ( Not 1K ) | |
| All R3 | 22K | |
| All R4 | 22K (Not 1K ) | |
| All RV1 | 100K | Volume Controlling |
| All D1 To D2 | IN4007 | Potential Breaking |
| U1 To U6 | TDA2030 | Amplification |
Applications
* 2.1 Surround Amplifier
* 2.1 Home Theater
Sunday, March 31, 2013
Pendulum Controlled Clock Circuit
Heres how to build a pendulum-controlled clock which can be made really accurate. Retro? - yes, but an interesting project all the same. Youll need a spare quartz clock which must be adapted by first isolating the two pads on the chip which lead to the coil. You then have to connect wires to these pads and feed them out through a hole in the case (see SILICON CHIP, December 1996, p38, for full instructions, or October 2001, p37, for brief notes.) Youll also need a spare battery driven pendulum from another, or the same, clock. As originally used, these pendulums are for appearance only and play no role in timekeeping. The salvaged unit should be mounted on a substantial vertical backboard. Youll find that the pendulum swings pretty fast and it must be slowed down by adding weights near the lower end. However, its not the mass of a pendulum that controls its rate - instead, its the distance from the support to the centre of mass that counts.
The aim is to make the pendulum operate so that it takes exactly 1s for a full "to and fro" swing - ie, 0.5s "beats". Fine adjustment on mine was made by adding an adjustable (up and down) weight to the pendulum rod. This consisted of a small G-clamp fabricated from a brass strip and held by a small screw.At the bottom end of the pendulum attach an inverted T-shape aluminium vane, about 10mm wide and as thin as possible. This should be painted black. This vane is used to trigger a photo-interrupter which is attached to the backboard. The lengths of the arms of the "T" are made so that when the pendulum swings one way, the interrupter triggers - ie, the light is no longer blocked. Conversely, when the pendulum swings the other way, the vane must continue to interrupt the light. This means that, with the pendulum swinging in 0.5s beats, we get a short pulse from the photo-interrupter at 1s intervals.
Circuit diagram:
Pendulum-Controlled Clock Circuit Diagram
This pulse is inverted by IC1a and inverted again by IC1b which then clocks IC2, a 4013 flipflop. IC2 alternately produces 1s-long pulses at its pin 12 & 13 outputs. These outputs are then fed to IC1c & IC1d respectively, where they are gated by the short pulses on pin 4 of IC1b. This produces two short pulses to drive the clock in alternate directions at 1s intervals. And thats all you need to drive the clock. Alternatively, this circuit could be a master clock and could be used to drive several slaves, all remaining in time. And model train enthusiasts could drill one or more holes in the vane to make their "railway" clocks run at what ever speed they need.
The circuit can be built on a small piece of strip board. Note that the photo-interrupter should be mounted with the photocell facing the backboard. This minimizes the risk of interference by ambient light. The photo-interrupter is available from Jaycar - Cat.ZD 1901. A footnote for horologists - if you have a clock with a Hipp butterfly escapement, you could rid yourself of the trailing arm and contact arrangement and replace it with a vane and photo-interrupter set so that as the arc of the swing becomes too small, a pulse is missed. This could then be detected by a 555 missing pulse detector circuit which would then energize the impulsing magnet.
Author: A.J Lowe - Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics
Saturday, March 30, 2013
10 Watt Stereo Amplifier Circuit Using TDA2009A
This is a design circuit for amplifier. This amplifier circuit has a power of 10 watts. This amplifier circuit is very suitable to apply to your car audio. This amplifier is using IC TDA2009A, as amplifier power. To avoid excessive heat in the IC using some heat sink compound between the heat sink & the IC. C1 & C2 is the input coupling capacitor and blocks DC, as well as C10 & C11 which is the output capacitor Kopel, and C6 & C7 which blocks the DC from the feedback loop. R1/R2 (and R3/R4) set the level of feedback. This is the figure of the circuit.
Get together with 1 (R1/R2) = 68 or 37 dB. C8/R5 (and C9/R6) provides high frequency stability where loudspeaker inductive reactance load can become excessive. C4 and C5 provide power decoupling or filtering. Absolute maximum supply voltage is 28V for the amplifier.
Friday, March 29, 2013
Load Independent Output Corrected Inverter Circuit Discussed
The common problem with many low cost inverters is their incapability of adjusting the output voltage with respect to the load conditions. With such inverters the output voltage tends to increase with lower loads and falls with increasing loads. The circuit explained here can be added to any ordinary inverter for compensating its varying output voltage conditions in response to varying loads.
The circuit was requested to me by one of my friends Mr.Sam, whose constant reminders prompted me to design this very useful concept for inverter applications.
The load independent/output corrected or output compensated inverter circuit explained here is quite on a concept level only and has not been practically tested by me, however the idea looks feasible because of its simple design.
If we look at the figure we see that the entire design is basically a simple PWM generator circuit built around the IC 555.
We know that in this standard 555 PWM design, the PWM pulses can be optimized by changing the ratio of R1/R2.
This fact has been appropriately exploited here for the load voltage correction application of an inverter.
An opto-coupler made by sealing an LED/LDR arrangement has been used, where the LDR of the opto- becomes one of the resistors in the PWM "arm" of the circuit.
The LED of the opto coupler is illuminated through the voltage from the inverter output or the load connections.
The mains voltage is suitably dropped using C3 and the associated components for feeding the opto LED.
After integrating the circuit to an inverter, when the system is powered (with suitable load connected), the RMS value may be measured at the output and the preset P1 may be adjusted to make the output voltage just suitable enough for the load.
This setting is probably all that would be needed.
Now suppose if the load is increased, the voltage will tend to fall at the output which in turn will make the opto LED intensity decrease.
The decrease in the intensity of the LED will prompt the IC to optimize its PWM pulses such that the RMS of the output voltage rises, making the voltage level also rise up to the required mark, this initiation will also affect the intensity of the LED which will now go bright and thus finally reach an automatically optimized level which will correctly balance the system load voltage conditions at the output.
Here the mark ratio is primarily intended for controlling the required parameter, therefore the opto should be placed appropriately either to the left or the right arm of the shown PWM control section of the IC.
The circuit can be tried with the inverter design shown in this article.
Parts List
R1 = 330K
R2 = 100K
R3, R4 = 100 Ohms
D1, D2 = 1N4148,
D3, D4 = 1N4007,
P1 = 22K
C1, C2 = 0.01uF
C3 = 0.33uF/400V
OptoCoupler = Homemade, by sealing an LED/LDR face to face inside a light proof container.
The circuit was requested to me by one of my friends Mr.Sam, whose constant reminders prompted me to design this very useful concept for inverter applications.
The load independent/output corrected or output compensated inverter circuit explained here is quite on a concept level only and has not been practically tested by me, however the idea looks feasible because of its simple design.
If we look at the figure we see that the entire design is basically a simple PWM generator circuit built around the IC 555.
We know that in this standard 555 PWM design, the PWM pulses can be optimized by changing the ratio of R1/R2.
This fact has been appropriately exploited here for the load voltage correction application of an inverter.
An opto-coupler made by sealing an LED/LDR arrangement has been used, where the LDR of the opto- becomes one of the resistors in the PWM "arm" of the circuit.
The LED of the opto coupler is illuminated through the voltage from the inverter output or the load connections.
The mains voltage is suitably dropped using C3 and the associated components for feeding the opto LED.
After integrating the circuit to an inverter, when the system is powered (with suitable load connected), the RMS value may be measured at the output and the preset P1 may be adjusted to make the output voltage just suitable enough for the load.
This setting is probably all that would be needed.
Now suppose if the load is increased, the voltage will tend to fall at the output which in turn will make the opto LED intensity decrease.
The decrease in the intensity of the LED will prompt the IC to optimize its PWM pulses such that the RMS of the output voltage rises, making the voltage level also rise up to the required mark, this initiation will also affect the intensity of the LED which will now go bright and thus finally reach an automatically optimized level which will correctly balance the system load voltage conditions at the output.
Here the mark ratio is primarily intended for controlling the required parameter, therefore the opto should be placed appropriately either to the left or the right arm of the shown PWM control section of the IC.
The circuit can be tried with the inverter design shown in this article.
R1 = 330K
R2 = 100K
R3, R4 = 100 Ohms
D1, D2 = 1N4148,
D3, D4 = 1N4007,
P1 = 22K
C1, C2 = 0.01uF
C3 = 0.33uF/400V
OptoCoupler = Homemade, by sealing an LED/LDR face to face inside a light proof container.
Thursday, March 28, 2013
Simple AudioTone Control Circuit
This simple AudioTone Control can be acclimated in may audio applications. It can be added to amplifers, acclimated as a angle abandoned ascendancy module, or alike congenital into new and agitative instruments. Its one IC architecture makes it a actual bunched circuit, as alone a few abutment apparatus are required. Plus, it does not use a bifold ability supply. This agency that the ambit will run from 9V to 15V (although the bass will be a little anemic at 9V). The ambit is by Robert Barg and originally appeared in the Think Tank cavalcade of the May 1998 affair of Popular Electronics.
Simple AudioTone Control Circuit Part List
C1, C3, C5, C7, C15, C16 2.2uf Electrolytic Capacitor
C2, C6 0.05uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C4 0.22uF Disc Capacitor
C8, C10 0.015uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C9 100uF Electrolytic Capacitor
C11, C12, C13, C14 0.1uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
R1, R4 10K 1/4W Resistor
R2, R5 33K 1/4W Resistor
R3, R6 4.7K 1/4W Resistor
R7 2.2K 1/4W Resistor
R8, R9, R10, R11 50K Linear Pot
U1 TDA1524A Tone Control IC
S1 SPST Switch
J1, J2, J3, J4 4 RCA Jacks
MISC Board, Wire, Knobs, 18 Pin Socket
NOTES
Simple AudioTone Control Circuit Part List
C1, C3, C5, C7, C15, C16 2.2uf Electrolytic Capacitor
C2, C6 0.05uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C4 0.22uF Disc Capacitor
C8, C10 0.015uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C9 100uF Electrolytic Capacitor
C11, C12, C13, C14 0.1uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
R1, R4 10K 1/4W Resistor
R2, R5 33K 1/4W Resistor
R3, R6 4.7K 1/4W Resistor
R7 2.2K 1/4W Resistor
R8, R9, R10, R11 50K Linear Pot
U1 TDA1524A Tone Control IC
S1 SPST Switch
J1, J2, J3, J4 4 RCA Jacks
MISC Board, Wire, Knobs, 18 Pin Socket
NOTES
- S1 is a contour control. Volume is controlled by R11. Balance is controlled by R10. R9 and R8 control bass and treble, respectivly.
- J1 is the left input, J4 is the right input. J2 is the left output, J3 is the right output.
- The circuit is designed to accept line level or mic level inputs. if you are going to be using a stronger signal, a voltage divider will be necessary to cut it down to proper levels.
- You can, of course, skip J1-J4 if you plan to integrate this circuit into another.
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