Sunday, March 31, 2013
2000 Impala Wiring Diagram
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| 2000 Impala Wiring Diagram |
The Part of 2000 Impala Wiring Diagram: power distribution, junction block, green wire, lamps fuse, high beam, assembly, blue wire, high beam, headlamp assembly, dimmer, engine wiring harnes, junction block, lamp fuse, orange wire
Adjustable 3 Ampere Regulator
By combining a common 78L05 with an integrated audio amplifier of the type TDA2030, an adjustable voltage regulator can be constructed in a very simple manner that works very well. The output voltage is adjustable up to 20 V, with a maximum current of 3 A. Since the TDA2030 comes complete with a good thermal and short-circuit protection circuit, this adjustable regulator is also very robust. As illustrated by the schematic, the design of this circuit is characterized by simplicity that is hard to beat. In addition to the two ICs, the regulator contains actually only two potentiometers and a few capacitors.
The adjustment is done by first turning potentiometer P1 to maximum (wiper to the side of the 78L05) and subsequently turning trimpot P2 until the desired maximum output voltage is reached. P1 is then used to provide a continuously adjustable voltage between this maximum and nearly zero volts. At relatively small output currents there are no specific requirements regarding the cooling. However, when the output current exceeds 1 A, or if the input to output voltage difference is quite large, the amplifier IC has to dissipate too much power and a small heatsink is certainly appropriate.
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The adjustment is done by first turning potentiometer P1 to maximum (wiper to the side of the 78L05) and subsequently turning trimpot P2 until the desired maximum output voltage is reached. P1 is then used to provide a continuously adjustable voltage between this maximum and nearly zero volts. At relatively small output currents there are no specific requirements regarding the cooling. However, when the output current exceeds 1 A, or if the input to output voltage difference is quite large, the amplifier IC has to dissipate too much power and a small heatsink is certainly appropriate.Fuse Box Chevy Aveo Instrument Panel 2010 Diagram
Fuse Box Chevy Aveo Instrument Panel 2010 Diagram - Here are new post for Fuse Box Chevy Aveo Instrument Panel 2010 Diagram.
Fuse Panel Layout Diagram Parts: audio, clock, immobilizer, A/C switch, clock, power mirror unit, audio, anti theft module, reverse lamp relay, cigar lighter, brake switch, power mirror unit, rear defogger, mirror control switch, room lamp, A/C witch, stoplamp switch, horn, trunk room lamp, trunk open switch, sensing and diagnostic module, power jack, brake switch, hazard switch, wiper switch, wiper motor.
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Fuse Box Chevy Aveo Instrument Panel 2010 Diagram
Fuse Panel Layout Diagram Parts: audio, clock, immobilizer, A/C switch, clock, power mirror unit, audio, anti theft module, reverse lamp relay, cigar lighter, brake switch, power mirror unit, rear defogger, mirror control switch, room lamp, A/C witch, stoplamp switch, horn, trunk room lamp, trunk open switch, sensing and diagnostic module, power jack, brake switch, hazard switch, wiper switch, wiper motor.
Pendulum Controlled Clock Circuit
Heres how to build a pendulum-controlled clock which can be made really accurate. Retro? - yes, but an interesting project all the same. Youll need a spare quartz clock which must be adapted by first isolating the two pads on the chip which lead to the coil. You then have to connect wires to these pads and feed them out through a hole in the case (see SILICON CHIP, December 1996, p38, for full instructions, or October 2001, p37, for brief notes.) Youll also need a spare battery driven pendulum from another, or the same, clock. As originally used, these pendulums are for appearance only and play no role in timekeeping. The salvaged unit should be mounted on a substantial vertical backboard. Youll find that the pendulum swings pretty fast and it must be slowed down by adding weights near the lower end. However, its not the mass of a pendulum that controls its rate - instead, its the distance from the support to the centre of mass that counts.
The aim is to make the pendulum operate so that it takes exactly 1s for a full "to and fro" swing - ie, 0.5s "beats". Fine adjustment on mine was made by adding an adjustable (up and down) weight to the pendulum rod. This consisted of a small G-clamp fabricated from a brass strip and held by a small screw.At the bottom end of the pendulum attach an inverted T-shape aluminium vane, about 10mm wide and as thin as possible. This should be painted black. This vane is used to trigger a photo-interrupter which is attached to the backboard. The lengths of the arms of the "T" are made so that when the pendulum swings one way, the interrupter triggers - ie, the light is no longer blocked. Conversely, when the pendulum swings the other way, the vane must continue to interrupt the light. This means that, with the pendulum swinging in 0.5s beats, we get a short pulse from the photo-interrupter at 1s intervals.
Circuit diagram:
Pendulum-Controlled Clock Circuit Diagram
This pulse is inverted by IC1a and inverted again by IC1b which then clocks IC2, a 4013 flipflop. IC2 alternately produces 1s-long pulses at its pin 12 & 13 outputs. These outputs are then fed to IC1c & IC1d respectively, where they are gated by the short pulses on pin 4 of IC1b. This produces two short pulses to drive the clock in alternate directions at 1s intervals. And thats all you need to drive the clock. Alternatively, this circuit could be a master clock and could be used to drive several slaves, all remaining in time. And model train enthusiasts could drill one or more holes in the vane to make their "railway" clocks run at what ever speed they need.
The circuit can be built on a small piece of strip board. Note that the photo-interrupter should be mounted with the photocell facing the backboard. This minimizes the risk of interference by ambient light. The photo-interrupter is available from Jaycar - Cat.ZD 1901. A footnote for horologists - if you have a clock with a Hipp butterfly escapement, you could rid yourself of the trailing arm and contact arrangement and replace it with a vane and photo-interrupter set so that as the arc of the swing becomes too small, a pulse is missed. This could then be detected by a 555 missing pulse detector circuit which would then energize the impulsing magnet.
Author: A.J Lowe - Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics
Saturday, March 30, 2013
AUDIO FREQUENCY LIGHT MODULATOR ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM
AUDIO FREQUENCY LIGHT MODULATOR ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM
Light has function to replace cable from audio source to speaker. Transformer X2 is utilized to lock the audio signal. VR1 works as the amplitudo modulator from the T1 signal output.
Parts list :
- Resistor R1: 47k ohm
- Resistor R2 : 22k ohm
- Resistor R3 : 220 ohm
- Diode D1-D7 : 1N4001
- VR1 : 1k ohm
- Polar capacitor C1 : 470 uF/25V
- Polar capacitor C2 : 1 uF
- Capacitor C3 : 0.1 uF
- Transistor T1-T2 : BC148
- Transformer X1 : 220 V AC/0-12V AC
- X2 : AF output
- Transistor SCR1-SCR2 : BA654
Electronic Security System
This reliable and easy-to-operate electronic security system can be used in banks, factories, commercial establishments, houses, etc.
The system comprises a monitoring sys-tem and several sensing zones. Each sensing zone is provided with a closed-loop switch known as sense switch. Sense switches are fixed on the doors of premises under security and connected to the monitoring system. As long as the doors are closed, sense switches are also closed. The monitoring system can be installed at a convenient central place for easy operation.
Fig. 1: Monitoring circuit along with the alarm circuit
Fig. 1 shows the monitoring circuit only for zone 1 along with the common alarm circuit. For other zones, the monitoring circuit is identical, with only the prefixes of components changing as per zone number. Encircled points A, B, and C of each zone monitoring circuit need to be joined to the corresponding points of the alarm circuit (upper half of Fig. 1).
When zone 1 sensing switch S11, zone on/off slide switch S12, and system on/off switch S1 are all on, pnp transistor T12 reverse biases to go in cut-off condition, with its collector at around 0 volt. When the door fitted with sensor switch S11 is opened, transistor T12 gets forward biased and it conducts. Its collector voltage goes high, which forward biases transistor T10 via resistor R10 to turn it on. (Capacitor C10 serves as a filter capacitor.) As a result, the collector voltage of transistor T10 falls to forward bias transistor T11, which conducts and its collector voltage is sustained at a high level. Under this latched condition, sensor switch S11 and the state of transistor T12 have no effect. In this state, red LED11 of the zone remains lit.
Fig. 2: Physical layout of sensors and monitoring/alarm system
Simultaneously, the high-level voltage from the collector of transistor T11 via di-ode D10 is applied to VDD pin 5 of siren sound generator IC1 (UM3561) whose pin 2 is grounded. Resistor R3 connected across pins 7 and 8 of IC1 determines the frequency of the in-built oscillator. As a result, IC1 starts generating the audio signal output at pin 3. The output voltage from IC1 is further amplified by Darlington pair of transistors T1 and T2. The amplified output of the Darlington pair drives the loud- speaker whose out- put volume can be con- trolled by potentiometer VR1. Capacitor C1 serves as a filter capacitor.
You can alter the alarm sound as desired by changing the connections of IC1 as shown in the table. The circuit continues to sound the alarm until zone door is closed (to close switch S11) and the reset switch is pressed momentarily (which causes transistor T10 to cut off, returning the circuit to its initial state).
The system operates off a 3V DC battery or recharging battery with charging circuit or battery eliminator. If desired, more operating zones can be added. Initially keep the monitoring system switch S1 off. Keep all the zone doors fixed with sensing switches S11, S21, S31, S41, etc closed. This keeps the sensing switches for respective zones in closed position. Also keep zone slide switches S12, S22, S32, S42, etc in ‘on’ position. This puts the system in operation, guarding all the zone doors.
Now, if the door of a particular zone is opened, the monitoring system sounds an audible alarm and the LED corresponding to the zone glows to indicate that the door of the zone is open. The alarm and the LED indication will continue even after that particular door with the sensing switch is immediately closed, or even if that switch is removed/damaged or connecting wire is cut open.
Any particular zone in the monitoring system can be put to operation or out of operation by switching on or switching off the corresponding slide switch in the monitoring system.
Source : http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/05/electronic-security-system.html
10 Watt Stereo Amplifier Circuit Using TDA2009A
This is a design circuit for amplifier. This amplifier circuit has a power of 10 watts. This amplifier circuit is very suitable to apply to your car audio. This amplifier is using IC TDA2009A, as amplifier power. To avoid excessive heat in the IC using some heat sink compound between the heat sink & the IC. C1 & C2 is the input coupling capacitor and blocks DC, as well as C10 & C11 which is the output capacitor Kopel, and C6 & C7 which blocks the DC from the feedback loop. R1/R2 (and R3/R4) set the level of feedback. This is the figure of the circuit.
Get together with 1 (R1/R2) = 68 or 37 dB. C8/R5 (and C9/R6) provides high frequency stability where loudspeaker inductive reactance load can become excessive. C4 and C5 provide power decoupling or filtering. Absolute maximum supply voltage is 28V for the amplifier.
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Friday, March 29, 2013
Load Independent Output Corrected Inverter Circuit Discussed
The common problem with many low cost inverters is their incapability of adjusting the output voltage with respect to the load conditions. With such inverters the output voltage tends to increase with lower loads and falls with increasing loads. The circuit explained here can be added to any ordinary inverter for compensating its varying output voltage conditions in response to varying loads.
The circuit was requested to me by one of my friends Mr.Sam, whose constant reminders prompted me to design this very useful concept for inverter applications.
The load independent/output corrected or output compensated inverter circuit explained here is quite on a concept level only and has not been practically tested by me, however the idea looks feasible because of its simple design.
If we look at the figure we see that the entire design is basically a simple PWM generator circuit built around the IC 555.
We know that in this standard 555 PWM design, the PWM pulses can be optimized by changing the ratio of R1/R2.
This fact has been appropriately exploited here for the load voltage correction application of an inverter.
An opto-coupler made by sealing an LED/LDR arrangement has been used, where the LDR of the opto- becomes one of the resistors in the PWM "arm" of the circuit.
The LED of the opto coupler is illuminated through the voltage from the inverter output or the load connections.
The mains voltage is suitably dropped using C3 and the associated components for feeding the opto LED.
After integrating the circuit to an inverter, when the system is powered (with suitable load connected), the RMS value may be measured at the output and the preset P1 may be adjusted to make the output voltage just suitable enough for the load.
This setting is probably all that would be needed.
Now suppose if the load is increased, the voltage will tend to fall at the output which in turn will make the opto LED intensity decrease.
The decrease in the intensity of the LED will prompt the IC to optimize its PWM pulses such that the RMS of the output voltage rises, making the voltage level also rise up to the required mark, this initiation will also affect the intensity of the LED which will now go bright and thus finally reach an automatically optimized level which will correctly balance the system load voltage conditions at the output.
Here the mark ratio is primarily intended for controlling the required parameter, therefore the opto should be placed appropriately either to the left or the right arm of the shown PWM control section of the IC.
The circuit can be tried with the inverter design shown in this article.
Parts List
R1 = 330K
R2 = 100K
R3, R4 = 100 Ohms
D1, D2 = 1N4148,
D3, D4 = 1N4007,
P1 = 22K
C1, C2 = 0.01uF
C3 = 0.33uF/400V
OptoCoupler = Homemade, by sealing an LED/LDR face to face inside a light proof container.
The circuit was requested to me by one of my friends Mr.Sam, whose constant reminders prompted me to design this very useful concept for inverter applications.
The load independent/output corrected or output compensated inverter circuit explained here is quite on a concept level only and has not been practically tested by me, however the idea looks feasible because of its simple design.
If we look at the figure we see that the entire design is basically a simple PWM generator circuit built around the IC 555.
We know that in this standard 555 PWM design, the PWM pulses can be optimized by changing the ratio of R1/R2.
This fact has been appropriately exploited here for the load voltage correction application of an inverter.
An opto-coupler made by sealing an LED/LDR arrangement has been used, where the LDR of the opto- becomes one of the resistors in the PWM "arm" of the circuit.
The LED of the opto coupler is illuminated through the voltage from the inverter output or the load connections.
The mains voltage is suitably dropped using C3 and the associated components for feeding the opto LED.
After integrating the circuit to an inverter, when the system is powered (with suitable load connected), the RMS value may be measured at the output and the preset P1 may be adjusted to make the output voltage just suitable enough for the load.
This setting is probably all that would be needed.
Now suppose if the load is increased, the voltage will tend to fall at the output which in turn will make the opto LED intensity decrease.
The decrease in the intensity of the LED will prompt the IC to optimize its PWM pulses such that the RMS of the output voltage rises, making the voltage level also rise up to the required mark, this initiation will also affect the intensity of the LED which will now go bright and thus finally reach an automatically optimized level which will correctly balance the system load voltage conditions at the output.
Here the mark ratio is primarily intended for controlling the required parameter, therefore the opto should be placed appropriately either to the left or the right arm of the shown PWM control section of the IC.
The circuit can be tried with the inverter design shown in this article.
R1 = 330K
R2 = 100K
R3, R4 = 100 Ohms
D1, D2 = 1N4148,
D3, D4 = 1N4007,
P1 = 22K
C1, C2 = 0.01uF
C3 = 0.33uF/400V
OptoCoupler = Homemade, by sealing an LED/LDR face to face inside a light proof container.
Simple Li Ion Battery Charger
The LP2951 regulator is manufactured by National Semiconductors. The choice of values is from an application note Battery Charging, written by Chester Simpson. Diode D1 can be any diode from the 1N00x series, whichever is conveniently available. It functions as a blocking diode, to prevent a back flow of current from the battery into the LP2951 when the input voltage is disconnected. Charging current is about 100+mA, which is the internally-limited maximum current of the LP2951. For those wondering, this is compatible with just about any single-cell li-ion battery since li-ion can generally accept a charging current of up to about 1c (i.e. charging current in mA equivalent to their capacity in mAh, so a 1100mAh li-ion cell can be charged at up to 1100mA and so on).
A lower charging current just brings about a correspondingly longer charge time. IMHO 100mA is quite low, low enough that the circuit can be used for an overnight charger for many typical single-cell li-ion batteries. The resistors are deliberately kept at large orders of magnitude (tens/hundred Kohm and Mohm range) to keep the off-state current as low as possible, at about 2?A. Resistor tolerances should be kept at 1% for output voltage accuracy. The 50k pot allows for an output voltage range between 4.08V to 4.26V - thus allowing calibration as well as a choice between a charging voltage of 4.1V or 4.2V depending on the cell to be charged. The capacitors are for stability, especially C2 which prevents the output from ringing/oscillating.
Parts List
IC1 = LP2951, voltage regulator
D1 = 1N4002, General purpose diode
R1 = 2M, 1%, metal-film
R2 = 806K, 1%, metal-film
P1 = 50K, potentiometer
C1 = 0.1uF, polyester
C2 = 2.2uF/16V, electrolytic
C3 = 330pF, ceramic
A lower charging current just brings about a correspondingly longer charge time. IMHO 100mA is quite low, low enough that the circuit can be used for an overnight charger for many typical single-cell li-ion batteries. The resistors are deliberately kept at large orders of magnitude (tens/hundred Kohm and Mohm range) to keep the off-state current as low as possible, at about 2?A. Resistor tolerances should be kept at 1% for output voltage accuracy. The 50k pot allows for an output voltage range between 4.08V to 4.26V - thus allowing calibration as well as a choice between a charging voltage of 4.1V or 4.2V depending on the cell to be charged. The capacitors are for stability, especially C2 which prevents the output from ringing/oscillating.Parts List
IC1 = LP2951, voltage regulator
D1 = 1N4002, General purpose diode
R1 = 2M, 1%, metal-film
R2 = 806K, 1%, metal-film
P1 = 50K, potentiometer
C1 = 0.1uF, polyester
C2 = 2.2uF/16V, electrolytic
C3 = 330pF, ceramic
Remote Controlled Fan Regulator
Using this circuit, you can change the speed of the fan from your couch or bed. Infrared receiver module TSOP1738 is used to receive the infrared signal transmitted by remote control. The circuit is powered by regulated 9V. The AC mains is stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver a secondary output of 12V-0-12V. The transformer output is rectified by full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1 and D2, filtered by capacitor C9 and regulated by 7809 regulator to provide 9V regulated output. Any button on the remote can be used for controlling the speed of the fan. Pulses from the IR receiver module are applied as a trigger signal to timer NE555 (IC1) via LED1 and resistor R4. IC1 is wired as a monostable multivibrator to delay the clock given to decade counter-cum-driver IC CD4017 (IC2).
Out of the ten outputs of decade counter IC2 (Q0 through Q9), only five (Q0 through Q4) are used to control the fan. Q5 output is not used, while Q6 output is used to reset the counter. Another NE555 timer (IC3) is also wired as a monostable multivibrator. Combination of one of the resistors R5 through R9 and capacitor C5 controls the pulse width. The output from IC CD4017 (IC2) is applied to resistors R5 through R9. If Q0 is high capacitor C5 is charged through resistor R5, if Q1 is high capacitor C5 is charged through resistor R6, and so on. Optocoupler MCT2E (IC5) is wired as a zero-crossing detector that supplies trigger pulses to monostable multivibrator IC3 during zero crossing. Opto-isolator MOC3021 (IC4) drives triac BT136.
Resistor R13 (47-ohm) and capacitor C7 (0.01µF) combination is used as snubber network for triac1 (BT136). As the width of the pulse decreases, firing angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan also increases. Thus the speed of the fan increases when we press any button on the remote control. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and house it in a small case such that the infrared sensor can easily receive the signal from the remote transmitter.
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Out of the ten outputs of decade counter IC2 (Q0 through Q9), only five (Q0 through Q4) are used to control the fan. Q5 output is not used, while Q6 output is used to reset the counter. Another NE555 timer (IC3) is also wired as a monostable multivibrator. Combination of one of the resistors R5 through R9 and capacitor C5 controls the pulse width. The output from IC CD4017 (IC2) is applied to resistors R5 through R9. If Q0 is high capacitor C5 is charged through resistor R5, if Q1 is high capacitor C5 is charged through resistor R6, and so on. Optocoupler MCT2E (IC5) is wired as a zero-crossing detector that supplies trigger pulses to monostable multivibrator IC3 during zero crossing. Opto-isolator MOC3021 (IC4) drives triac BT136.Resistor R13 (47-ohm) and capacitor C7 (0.01µF) combination is used as snubber network for triac1 (BT136). As the width of the pulse decreases, firing angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan also increases. Thus the speed of the fan increases when we press any button on the remote control. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and house it in a small case such that the infrared sensor can easily receive the signal from the remote transmitter.
Thursday, March 28, 2013
Simple AudioTone Control Circuit
This simple AudioTone Control can be acclimated in may audio applications. It can be added to amplifers, acclimated as a angle abandoned ascendancy module, or alike congenital into new and agitative instruments. Its one IC architecture makes it a actual bunched circuit, as alone a few abutment apparatus are required. Plus, it does not use a bifold ability supply. This agency that the ambit will run from 9V to 15V (although the bass will be a little anemic at 9V). The ambit is by Robert Barg and originally appeared in the Think Tank cavalcade of the May 1998 affair of Popular Electronics.
Simple AudioTone Control Circuit Part List
C1, C3, C5, C7, C15, C16 2.2uf Electrolytic Capacitor
C2, C6 0.05uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C4 0.22uF Disc Capacitor
C8, C10 0.015uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C9 100uF Electrolytic Capacitor
C11, C12, C13, C14 0.1uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
R1, R4 10K 1/4W Resistor
R2, R5 33K 1/4W Resistor
R3, R6 4.7K 1/4W Resistor
R7 2.2K 1/4W Resistor
R8, R9, R10, R11 50K Linear Pot
U1 TDA1524A Tone Control IC
S1 SPST Switch
J1, J2, J3, J4 4 RCA Jacks
MISC Board, Wire, Knobs, 18 Pin Socket
NOTES
Simple AudioTone Control Circuit Part List
C1, C3, C5, C7, C15, C16 2.2uf Electrolytic Capacitor
C2, C6 0.05uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C4 0.22uF Disc Capacitor
C8, C10 0.015uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C9 100uF Electrolytic Capacitor
C11, C12, C13, C14 0.1uF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
R1, R4 10K 1/4W Resistor
R2, R5 33K 1/4W Resistor
R3, R6 4.7K 1/4W Resistor
R7 2.2K 1/4W Resistor
R8, R9, R10, R11 50K Linear Pot
U1 TDA1524A Tone Control IC
S1 SPST Switch
J1, J2, J3, J4 4 RCA Jacks
MISC Board, Wire, Knobs, 18 Pin Socket
NOTES
- S1 is a contour control. Volume is controlled by R11. Balance is controlled by R10. R9 and R8 control bass and treble, respectivly.
- J1 is the left input, J4 is the right input. J2 is the left output, J3 is the right output.
- The circuit is designed to accept line level or mic level inputs. if you are going to be using a stronger signal, a voltage divider will be necessary to cut it down to proper levels.
- You can, of course, skip J1-J4 if you plan to integrate this circuit into another.
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High Fidelity Stereo Power Amplifier Circuit
This is a design circuit for audio power amplifier design utilizing the LM4702. This is a complete circuit for power amplifier design. This circuit has high quality circuit board layouts, the LM4702 power amplifier driver requires careful consideration. A good place to start is with the ground and power circuits design layout. This is the figure of the circuit;
Star connections for ground and power are always a good practice for audio circuit board layouts. A star connection is where there are individual traces from each component in the circuit that return to a central point. Notice how all the ground traces converge at the left side of the board, near Rs1 and Rs2, and connect to the two ground pins in the center of the power connector. The ground traces that connect to the right and left output jacks also converge at the center of the star ground which is the center of the power connector where the two ground pins are located.
[Circuit source: National Semiconductor Notes]
Solar Panel Wiring Diagram Data Sheet
OmniSite OEM Solar Module kits include a solar module and the OmniSite SWIL6 prewired voltage regulator with output cable. The OEM kits are supplied with a fixed tilt, 45° side-of-pole mount. The controller features a multi-function LED indicator and fuse protection. OmniSite single crystalline, high-efficiency solar modules are manufactured to exceed industry standards providing exceptional reliability and maximum power output. A twenty-year OEM warranty reflects the superior quality and assures long product life. The aluminum side-of-pole mounts include two clamps for nominal 2.5″ through 4″ poles (OD 2.875″ through 4.5″) and includes a 5 ft. cable.WARNING: For safety reasons, before hooking up wires, cover up the solar panel cells. A black trash bag works great for this. • Hook up the wires on the Sunsaver-6 Regulator in order by number, 1 thru 6. • For best results, face the panel due south at a 45 degree angle. • The main battery should sit on the bottom of the enclosure that houses the Sunsaver-6 regulator. • It will be necessary to drill one hole in the solar regulator enclosure for wiring purposes. • DO NOT plug in the backup small internal battery that comes with your OmniSiteRTU. Use only the large, external battery supplied with the solar panel unit.
Get from here to download Solar Panel Wiring Diagram Data Sheet
Car Battery 12v Charger
The usual chargers of battery automotive, are simple and cheap appliances that charge continuously the battery, with a rythm of few amperes, for the time where the appliance is ON. If the holder do not close in time the charger, the battery will overcharge and her electrolytic faculty are lost with evaporation or likely exists destruction of her elements. The charger of circuit exceeds these faults. It checks electronic the situation of charge of battery and it has circuit of control with retroaction, that forces the battery charge with biggest rythm until charge completely.
Circuit diagram:
Car Battery 12v Charger Circuit Diaram
When charge completely, it turns on one RED led (LD2). The charger has been drawn in order to charge batteries of 12V, ONLY. What should watch it from what it manufactures the circuit, they are the cables that connect the transformer with the circuit and in the continuity the battery, should they are big cross-section, so that heat when it passes from in them the current of charge and also they do not cause fall of voltage at the way of current through them.
Adjustment
After assembling of the circuit, adjust TR1 to null value, power-up and make the following adjustments :-
- Without connecting the battery check that the 2 LED?s are turned on.
- Connect a car battery to the circuit and check that LD2 is OFF and a current (normally 2A to 4A) is flowing to the battery.
- Adjust TR1 until LD2 turns ON and the charge current is cut.
- Adjust TR1 to null value and charge the battery using the hydrometer technique (if you do not have or do not know how to use a hydrometer, then use a good condition battery and charge).
Carefully adjust TR1 so that LD2 begins to turn ON and the charge current falls to a few hundred milliamps (mA). If TR1 is set correctly then in the next round of charging you will noticed LD2 begin to flicker as the battery is being charged. When battery is completely charged, LD2 turns ON completely.TR1 does not need further adjustment anymore. Q1 is connected in line with the battery and is fired by R3, R4 and LD2. The R2, C1, TR1 and D2 sense the voltage of the battery terminal and activate Q2 when the voltage of the battery terminal exceeds the value predetermined by TR1.
When an uncharged battery is connected, the terminal voltage is low. Under this circumstance, Q2 is turned OFF and Q1 is fired in each half cycle by R3, R4 and LD2. The Q1 functions as a simple rectifier and charges the battery. If the battery terminal voltage is increased above the level that had been fixed by TR1, then Q2 shifts the control of Q1 gate. This deactivates Q1 and cuts off the current supply to the battery and turns LD2 ON indicating that the charge has been completed. Q1 and bridge rectifier GR1 should be mounted on heatsinks to prevent overheating. M1 is a 5A DC ammeter to measure the charge current.
Source :users.otenet.gr
Wednesday, March 27, 2013
4 X 15 Watt Mini Power Amplifier
A lot of electronic circuits in the domain of audio amplifiers are already been published here. This circuit is a little different because it is a four channel amplifier. Each channel of this amplifier can deliver an output of 15Watts into a 4 ohm speaker. The amplifier can be operated from a single 12V DC supply and this makes it possible to use this amplifier in car audio applications too.
Circuit diagram :
4 X 15 Watt Mini Power Amplifier
The circuit is based on the 15W BTL X 2 channel audio power amplifier IC TA8215 from Toshiba. Even though chip is specifically designed for car audio applications it can be also used for home audio applications. Two TA8215 ICs are used here in order to obtain a 4 channel amplifier system. The circuit is designed almost exactly as per the application diagram in the ICs datasheet. Pins 7 and 19 are the Vcc pins of the ICs internal integrated power amplifier stages and these pins are connected to the positive supply. Pin 9 is the Vcc pin for ICs internal preamplifier and it is also connected to the positive supply. Pins 13 and 14 are the internal power amplifiers ground pins and they are tied together and connected to the ground.
The internal preamplifier’s ground pin (pin5) is connected to the common ground through a 10 Ohm resistor which makes the input ground separated from the common ground by a resistance of 10 ohms and this improves the noise rejection. The 100uF capacitor works as a power supply de-coupler. The resistor networks connected to the output lines of each amplifier improves the high frequency stability. The variable resistors (R3, R4, R12 and R13) works as the volume controller for the corresponding channels.
Notes :
- Assembling the circuit on a good quality PCB is a must for obtaining optimum sound quality.
- Use 12V DC for powering the circuit.
- The ICs must be fitted with adequately sized heat sinks.
- R3, R4, R12 and R13 serves as volume controllers.
- K1 to K4 can be 4 Ohm, 20W speakers.
- This amplifier circuit can be used in a variety of applications such as car audio systems, home theater systems, personal audio systems, public address systems etc. link
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