circuit wiring: April 2013

Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Upgrade Your USB Hub

Problems can arise with USB hubs that are powered from a PC when gadgets plugged into them draw too much current. This is often the case with devices fitted with USB cables that are too long or too thin, causing voltage drop. There’s no need to scrap your old USB hub, however, if you upgrade it using this little circuit and an external power supply. Just cut the 5-V power wire of the USB cable inside the hub and solder a diode (D1) in the pass-through direction. Now connect the 5 V wire from the external power supply to the cathode of this diode. D1 prevents any current from the power supply from flowing back into the PC.

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Friday, April 26, 2013

Light Gate with Counter

The circuit described here counts the number of times that an infrared beam is interrupted. It could be used to count the number of people entering a room, for instance, or how often a ball or another object passes through an opening (handy for playing shuffleboard). The heart of the circuit consists of you guessed it a light gate! Diode D1 is an IR diode that normally illuminates IR transistor T1. The light falling on T1 causes it to conduct to a certain extent. The resulting voltage on the collector of T1 should be just low enough to prevent the following transistor (T2) from conducting. This voltage can be adjusted within certain limits using P1.

Circuit diagram :

Light Gate with Counter-Circuit Diagram

Light Gate with Counter Circuit Diagram

As soon as an object comes between D1 and T1, the light shining on T1 will be partially or fully blocked, causing the IR transistor to conduct less current. As a result, the voltage on its collector will increase, producing a brief rise in the voltage on the base of T2. This will cause T2 to conduct and generate a negative edge at IC1. This negative edge will trigger the monostable multivibrator, which will then hold the output signal on pin 3 ‘high’ for a certain length of time (in this case, one second). Atthis point, two things will occur. First, a buzzer will be energised by the output of IC1 and produce a tone for approximately one second. When the buzzer stops, a negative edge will be applied to the clock input of IC2, causing the counter in IC2 to be incremented by 1. IC2 is conveniently equipped with an internal binary-to-BCD decoder, so its outputs only have to be buffered by IC3 and T3 to allow the state of the counter to be shown on the 7-segment display. Switch S1 can be used to reset the counter to zero.

If a one-second interval does not suit your wishes, you can modify the values of R3 or C1 to adjust the time. Increasing the value of R3 lengthens the interval, and decreasing it naturally shortens the interval. The same is true of C1. When building the circuit, make sure that T1 is well illuminated by the light from D1, while at the same time ensuring that T1 ‘sees’ as little ambient light as possible. This can best be done by fitting T1 in a small tube that is precisely aimed toward D1. The longer the tube, the less ambient light will reach T1. The sensitivity of the circuit can be adjusted using P1.

Author : T.Hareendran - Copyright : Elektor

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Saturday, April 13, 2013

1 W Home Stereo Amplifier Rise

This is a one watt dwelling stereo amplifier module project the use of the KA2209 IC from Samsung, which is equal to the TDA2822. It functions from three-12V DC & will work from a battery because the dormant current drain is low. It requires no warmth sink for standard use. The enter & output are both floor referenced. Maximum output will most probably be bought with a 12V energy supply & 8 ohm speaker, on the other hand it is suitable for driving headphones from a provide as low as threeV.

The Specifications of the house stereo amplifier :

D.C. input : 3 – 12 V at 200 – 500 mA max
Idle current : approx. 10 mA
Power output : > 1 Watt max. 4-8 ohms, 12V DC
Freq. Resp. : approx. 40 Hz to 200 okayHz, 8 ohm, G=10
THD : < 1 % @ 750 mW, 4-8 ohm, 12V
Gain : approx. x10 (20 dB) OR x100 (40dB)
S/N ratio : > eighty dB, G = 20 dB
Sensitivity : < three00 mV, G = 20 dB
Input Impedance : approx. 10 ok ohm

Description

The achieve is adjustable from ten to one hundred, i.e. twenty to 40 dB. Start with remarks resistors R1 and R3 of 1k ohm, this could give a gain of ten which should be adequate for many applications. In case you need more gain, you can eliminate resistors R1 and R3.This will provide a gain of about 100, or 40 dB.The enter attenuation can additionally be adjusted by means of the potentiometer which can be utilized as a quantity keep an eye fixed on. The IC achieve ought to be okept as low as important to perform full output, with the in put potentiometer and your sign source at maximum.

Voltage Gain = 1+ R1/R2 = 1+R3/R4, however the utmost acquire without a outdoor comments is about a hundred, or fortydB. (GdB = 20log Gv)

This will okayeep the signal to noise ratio as high as feasible. Additional acquire supplied via the amplifier will cut again the S/N ratio by using a identical quantity, since the input noise figure is continuing. Other values for R1 and R3 of between 1k and 10k ohm can be used if an intermediate acquire level is necessary.

If riding a pair of headphones, you too can want a a hundred ohm resistor in sequence with each output to lower again the output stage, relying on headphone impedance & sensitivity. Make positive you begin with the quantity proper all the way down to test. Numerous headphones is additionally pushed from the amplifier in the experience you wish, considering most headphones have as a minimum sixteen ohm impedance, or extra frequently 32 ohm.

There are only some out of doors phases, the IC comprises many of the essential circuitry. R1,R2 and R3,R4 are the feedback resistors. C1 offers power provide decoupling. C2 and C3 are the enter coupling capacitors, which block any DC that might-be existing on the enters. C4,C5 block DC within the feed again circuit from the inverting enters, and C6,C7 are the output coupling capacitors. C8, R5 and C9,R6 act as Nobel networks providing a excessive frequency load to handle stability at frequencies the place loud speaker inductive reactant may turn out to be extreme. The pot offers adjustable input degree attenuation.

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Solar Powered SLA Battery Maintenance

This circuit used to be designed to ‘baby-sit’ SLA (sealed lead-acid or ‘gel’) batteries the use of freely available solar energy. SLA batteries suffer from quite high interior vitality loss which shouldn't be normally a problem except you go on vacations and disconnect them from their trickle current charger. In some instances, the absence of trickle charging present may cause SLA batteries to move utterly flat within a few weeks. The circuit proven here is intended to stop this from happening. Two 3-volt solar panels, every shunted via a diode to viapass them when no electrical energy is generated, energy a MAX762 step-up voltage converter IC.

Circuit diagram:

$\"Solar$

Solar Powered SLA Battery Maintenance Circuit Diagram

The ‘762 is the 15-volt-out model of the most likely extra familiar MAX761 (12 V out) and is used right here to lift 6 V to 15 V.C1 and C2 are decoupling capacitors that suppress high and low frequency spurious parts produced by way of the switch-mode regulator IC. Using Schottky diode D3, power is saved in inductor L1 in the form of a magnetic container. When pin 7 of IC1 is open-circuited through the interior switching signal, the saved vitality is diverted to the 15-volt output of the circuit. The V+ (sense) enter of the MAX762, pin 8, is used to deal with the output voltage at 15 V. C4 and C5 serve to maintain the ripple on the output voltage as small as that which you could imagine. R1, LED D4 and pushbutton S1 will let you check the presence of the 15-V output voltage.

D5 and D6 scale back the 15-volts to about thirteen.6 V which is a regularly quoted nominal standby trickle charging voltage for SLA batteries. This corresponds neatly with the IC’s maximum, interiorly restricted, output current of about one hundred twenty mA. The worth of inductor L1 is not crucial — 22 µH or 47 µH will also work superb. The coil needs to be rated at 1 A although in view of the height current thru it. The switching frequency is ready 300 kHz. A advice for a pragmatic coil is sort M from the WEPD sequence equipped through Würth (www.we-online.com). Remarkably, Würth provide one-off inductors to particular person consumers. At the time of writing, it was once imaginable, under sure stipulations, to acquire patterns, or order small portions, of the MAX762 IC during the Maxim website online at www.maxim-ic.com.

Author : Myo Min

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Friday, April 12, 2013

Flip Flop Led Circuit

Flip Flop LED

Flip flop circuit is a series of free runing multivibrator given the burden of LEDs on each side of the transition changes its output signal. Flip flop circuit with LEDs is quite simple, that is prepared with 2 units and 2 units of 2N3904 transistor circuit tank circuit composed by the RC circuit.

LED indicators signal a change that is placed on each side of the flip flop will be lit in turn by the fire and extinguished the same as the charge and discharge capacitor. Flip flop circuit is quite simple as shown in the picture below.

Flip Flop LED series

The working principle is the flip flop over when the series voltage source is given then the 10uF capacitor will be charged through R 470 and the LED will then be forwarded to triger the transistor base so that the transistor will turn ON and LEDs. this occurs alternately on each side, so that the LED light will illuminate in turn as well.

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How to disassembly nokia N95

Here is picture how to disassembly nokia n95

Remove batteray, memory card, back cover.

Open the two screw ( as shown)

Also Open two screw ( as shown)

Open Remove front cover

Disconnect lcd connector

Remove / disassembly Lcd.

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555 Timer Touch Activated Alarm Circuit Diagram

This is the circuit diagram of touch activated alarm gadget which still activated on load shedding.\r\n Alarm device can be activated when any person touch the “touch plate” \r\nwhich is referred to as trigger. In this circuit the most up to date part is automatic\r\n battery activator which is made with the help of a relay. So don’t upset on load \r\nshedding you alarm gadget is activated. This circuit will be used at \r\nyour residence door, locker, car or steel gate and many others.

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9 VOLT HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER NE5534 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

9 VOLT HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER NE5534 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

The NE5532 is a very convenient package of two 5534s in one 8-pin devices with internal unity-gain compensation, as there are no spare pins. The 5534/2 is a low-distortion, low-noise device, having also the ability to drive low-impedance loads to a full voltage swing while maintaining low distortion. Furthermore, it is fully output short-circuit proof. Therefore, this circuit was implemented with a single NE5532 chip forming a pair of stereo, inverting amplifiers, having an ac gain of about 3.5 and capable of delivering up to 3.6V peak-to-peak into a 32 Ohm load (corresponding to 50mW RMS) at less than 0.025% total harmonic distortion (1kHz & 10kHz).

I have Used it with Sennheiser 465s and achieved ear-splitting volume. The amplifier is ideal as a booster for power-conserving stereo sources Such as portable CD players and for interfacing with passive EQ networks Such as tone controls or a headphone acoustic simulator.

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1992 Audi 80 Wiring Diagram

1992 Audi 80 Wiring Diagram

(click for full size image)

The Part of 1992 Audi 80 Wiring Diagram: zener diode, panel circuit, heater seat, gear, ignition, ABS control, horn push, tail pilot instrument, tail instrument headlight, capacitor, rectifier, alternator, speedometer illumination, pilot light, fuse and relay, alternator, fuel injection, fuse relay, tachometer illumination, stop lamp, contact breaker, capacitor pack, lighting switch, central and locking circuit.

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Thursday, April 11, 2013

1995 Ford Probe Wiring Diagram

1995 Ford Probe Wiring Diagram

The Part of 1995 Ford Probe Wiring Diagram: interior fuse panel, power relay, splice, connector, engine
compartment, fuse box, power distribution, solenoid valve, automatic transaxle, solid state, powertrain ctrl module, fuel pump module, shutoff switch

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Solar Panel Installation Complete at Fire Headquarters

Chemistry 105 -The simplified installation procedure reduces install at ion costs and enables the solar panel array to Fundamental Chemistry Classify each of the following as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, weak base, nonmetal oxide, a metal oxide, or a salt. NaF HClO3 NH4F H2S CO2 H3PO4 H2SO4 NH3 K2O NH3 KCl SO3 HClO4 Ba(OH)2 HNO2 HNO3 NH4Br Fe(OH)2 KBr H3CCO2H Write a complete chemical equation for the reaction of the following compounds with water. HClO3 H2S CO2 H2SO4 NH3 K2O SO3 HNO2 Fe(OH)2 NH3 HClO4 HNO3 Ba(OH)2 Give a complete balanced chemical equation for the following reactions. 1) Sulfur trioxide is reacted with potassium hydroxide. 2) Solid potassium oxide is added to sulfuric acid. 3) Calcium oxide is added to hydrobromic acid. 4) Potassium bromide is reacted with silver (I) nitrate. …

Get from here to download Solar Panel Installation Complete at Fire Headquarters

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4 Bit Analogue to Digital Converter

The operation of the converter is based on the weighted adding and transferring of the analogue input levels and the digital output levels. It consists of comparators and resistors. In theory, the number of bits is unlimited, but each bit needs a comparator and several coupling resistors. The diagram shows a 4-bit version. The value of the resistors must meet the following criteria:

R1:R2 = 1:2;
R3:R4:R5 = 1:2:4;
R6:R7:R8:R9 = 1:2:4:8.

The linearity of the converter depends on the degree of precision of the value of the resistors with respect to the resolution of the converter, and on the accuracy of the threshold voltage of the comparators. This threshold level must be equal, or nearly so, to half the supply voltage. Moreover, the comparators must have as low an output resistance as possible and as high an input resistance with respect to the load resistors as feasible. Any deviation from these requirements affects the linearity of the converter adversely.

4-Bit Analogue to Digital Converter Circuit diagram :

If the value of the resistors is not too low, the use of inverters with an FET (field-effect transistor) input leads to a near-ideal situation. In the present converter, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters are used, which, in spite of their low gain, give a reasonably good performance. If standard comparators are used, take into account the output voltage range and make sure that the potential at their non-inverting inputs is set to half the supply voltage. If high accuracy is a must, comparators Type TLC3074 or similar should be used. This type has a totem-pole output.

The non-inverting inputs should be interlinked and connected to the tap of a a divider consisting of two 10 kΩ resistors across the supply lines. It is essential that the converter is driven by a low-resistance source. If necessary, this can be arranged via a suitable op amp input buffer. The converter draws a current not exceeding 5 mA.

Source :http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/07/4-bit-analogue-to-digital-converter.html

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Laptops Cord Stays off Your Lap with this Clip

Someone just got this trick works on all the uni body Mac Books and helps keep your wires and cord under control.

Hacks and Mods: Laptops Cord Stays off your Lap with this Clip

Hacks and Mods: Laptops Cord Stays off your Lap with this Clip

This clip is especially bendy if you are lounging on the sofa with the power-cord-side in towards the cushions. It keeps your MacBooks power cord under control with this trick and to stop it from tugging in you. Its built-in cable clip the one that keeps your cord wrapped around the power brick and clip it to the side of your laptops screen.

Hacks and Mods: Laptops Cord Stays off your Lap with this Clip

The cable pulls it up off your lap and keeps it neat and tidy not to mention free of crazy fall across the keyboard loops.

Source by : Streampowers

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Wednesday, April 10, 2013

Plug Trailer

Trailer Plug Wiring on Way Plug Trailer End

Way Plug Trailer End.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Load Trail Trailer Wiring Plug Diagram

Trailer Plug Wiring on Load Trail Trailer Wiring Plug Diagram

Load Trail Trailer Wiring Plug Diagram.

Trailer Plug Wiring on 2003 C240 Wire Color Codes For Trailer Wiring Install Justanswer

Trailer Plug Wiring on 2003 C240 Wire Color Codes For Trailer Wiring Install Justanswer

2003 C240 Wire Color Codes For Trailer Wiring Install Justanswer.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Way 7 Pole Rv Travel Trailer Connector Wiring Color Code

Trailer Plug Wiring on Way 7 Pole Rv Travel Trailer Connector Wiring Color Code

Way 7 Pole Rv Travel Trailer Connector Wiring Color Code.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Pin S Type Caravan Wiring Uk Trailer Parts

Trailer Plug Wiring on Pin S Type Caravan Wiring Uk Trailer Parts

Pin S Type Caravan Wiring Uk Trailer Parts.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Pin Trailer Plug Wiring Pattern

Trailer Plug Wiring on Pin Trailer Plug Wiring Pattern

Pin Trailer Plug Wiring Pattern.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Trailer Wiring Connector Diagrams For 6 7 Conductor Plugs

Trailer Plug Wiring on Trailer Wiring Connector Diagrams For 6 7 Conductor Plugs

Trailer Wiring Connector Diagrams For 6 7 Conductor Plugs.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Typical 7 Way Trailer Wiring Diagram Circuit Schematic

Trailer Plug Wiring on Typical 7 Way Trailer Wiring Diagram Circuit Schematic

Typical 7 Way Trailer Wiring Diagram Circuit Schematic.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Towing And Trailers Ltd Worksop Trailer Plug 7 Pin N Type

Trailer Plug Wiring on Towing And Trailers Ltd Worksop Trailer Plug 7 Pin N Type

Towing And Trailers Ltd Worksop Trailer Plug 7 Pin N Type.

Trailer Plug Wiring on Trailer Wiring Sop

Trailer Plug Wiring on Trailer Wiring Sop

Trailer Wiring Sop.

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1965 Buick Wildcat And Electra Wiiring Diagram

1965 Buick Wildcat And Electra Wiiring Diagram

(click for full size image)

The Part of 1965 Buick Wildcat And Electra Wiiring Diagram: light switch, gas gauge tank unit, license light, trunk light & switchprinted circuit connector, cruise control wiring, windshield washer & wiper switch, stoplight & direction signal, tail light, left backup light,

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1971 Triumph TR6R Wiring Diagram

1971 Triumph TR6R Wiring Diagram

(click for full size image)

The Part of 1971 Triumph TR6R 650cc Wiring Diagram: speedometer illumination, pilot light, tachometer illumination, stop lamp, contact breaker, capacitor pack, horn push, tail pilot instrument, tail instrument headlight, capacitor, rectifier, alternator, lighting switch, zener diode, ignition switch front brake switch, oil pressure switch, ammeter, dipper switch, headlamp main beam.

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Deluxe Charge Rate Limiter for Small Capacity NiCad Batteries

Here is a deluxe version of the simple charge rate limiter, using the same idea but with the ability to charge two packs simultaneously from a single wall charger. For circuit description and parts list, see the simple charger page. Since wall chargers provide about 55mA, you should not use this dual circuit to charge batteries at rates greater than 27mA (for a total of 54mA).

charg01

fancharg02

chrgall03

charg04

charg05

Source : www.extremecircuits.net

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Tuesday, April 9, 2013

1W BTL Audio Amplifier

The TDA8581(T) from Philips Semiconductors is a 1-watt Bridge Tied Load (BTL) audio power amplifier capable of delivering 1 watt output power into an 8-Wload at THD (total harmonic distortion) of 10% and using a 5V power supply.

The schematic shown here combines the functional diagram of the TDA8551 with its typical application circuit. The gain of the amplifier can be set by the digital volume control input. At the highest volume setting, the gain is 20 dB. Using the MODE pin the device can be switched to one of three modes: standby (MODE level between Vp and Vp–0.5 V), muted (MODE level between 1 V and Vp–1.4 V) or normal (MODE level less than 0.5 V). The TDA8551 is protected by an internal thermal shutdown protection mechanism. The total voltage loss for both MOS transistors in the complementary output stage is less than 1 V.

1 Watt BTL Audio Amplifier Circuit diagram:

Using a 5-V supply and an 8-W loudspeaker, an output power of 1 watt can be delivered. The volume control has an attenuation range of between 0 dB and 80 dB in 64 steps set by the 3-state level at the UP/DOWN pin: floating: volume remains unchanged; negative pulses: decrease volume; positive pulses: increase volume Each pulse at he Up/DOWN pin causes a change in gain of 80/64 = 1.25 dB (typical value).

When the supply voltage is first connected, the attenuator is set to 40 dB (low volume), so the gain of the total amplifier is then –20 dB. Some positive pulses have to be applied to the UP/DOWN pin to achieve listening volume. The graph shows the THD as a function of output power. The maximum quiescent current consumption of the amplifier is specified at 10 mA, to which should be added the current resulting from the output offset voltage divided by the load impedance.

Source : http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/05/1w-btl-audio-amplifier-circuit-diagram.html

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Regulated 24 Watt Broad Spectrum LED

This project involves constructing an energy efficient broad spectrum LED lamp system. The lamp is useful for indoor reflective room lighting. It has a broad color spectrum that more closely approximates the light of the sun when compared to fluorescent bulbs and white-only LEDs. The light level is regulated and the light that is produced does not flicker. The six differently colored LED stars, made by LedEngin, Inc., are rated at 5 watts (nominal). The LED array and associated current regulator consume 1 amp at 24VDC (24 Watts). NEVER stare directly at this lamp when it is running at full operating power, it is DANGEROUSLY BRIGHT.

Regulated 24 Watt Broad Spectrum LED Circuit diagram :

With the LEDs shown, the combined color of the lamp has a pinkish white hue. The 5 Watt ratings of the LEDs are not precise, the white, blue and green LEDs consume about 4W and the lower voltage red, orange and deep red LEDs consume about 3W. The current regulator keeps the LED brightness constant and insures that the LED series string never draws more than 1 amp of current.

The project has also been coined "Bold as LED" in reference to the Jimi Hendrix song "Bold as Love" which has the lyric: "My yellow in this case is not so mellow"

Specifications:

Nominal operating power: 24 Watts (24V DC at 1 Amp)
LED power consumption above regulation point: 18.6 Watts
Maximum operating voltage: 28V DC
Minimum voltage for regulated light: 23V DC
Leds produce light down to 11V
Deep Red LED voltage: 2.55V
Red LED voltage: 2.37V
Amber LED voltage: 2.60V
Green LED voltage: 3.92V
Blue LED voltage: 3.56V
White LED voltage: 3.7V
Voltage across regulator when current becomes regulated: 4.2V

Theory:

The lamp is wired as a current loop which includes the power supply, the LED series string and the 1 amp current regulator circuit. The LM317K and 1.2 ohm 5 Watt resistor act as a current regulator that limits the loop current to 1 Amp. During regulation, there will always be 1.2V across the 1.2 ohm resistor. The current regulator insures that the LEDs always run at their maximum brightness, but not so bright that they burn out. A 100uF electrolytic capacitor bypasses the DC power input to the device and a 100nF monoblock capacitor bypasses the LM317K input.

Construction:

The LEDs and current regulator circuit were mounted on a 3" x 8" chunk of 1/8" aluminum stock. The LM317K regulator and LED heat sinks were bolted to the chassis directly, heat sink grease was used on the regulator, the heat sinks and the six LEDs. Connecting the LM317K directly to the aluminum plate makes the plate electrically hot at 1.2V, the plate should not be allowed to come into contact with any live conductors. By using a few more parts, the LM317 can be mounted with an insulator and plastic shoulder washers for electrical isolation from the mounting plate.

The LEDs come mounted on their own small star-shaped aluminum substrates, these were attached to the aluminum plate using two 7/16" 4-40 screws and nuts per LED. A drop of silicone heat sink grease should be applied to the center of each LED star when it is mounted to the plate for heat conduction. It is important to use insulating plastic washers on the top side of the LED stars to prevent electrical contact with head of the screw. The LED stars were soldered together using short pieces of #20 tinned wire after being mounted on the plate. It is necessary to use a fair amount of heat to solder the contacts, a 200/240W soldering gun did the job. Be very careful not to melt the lenses on the LEDs, the LEDs cost around $10 each. The positive and negative leads of the LED series string were connected back to the current reglator circuitry using #20 wire covered with teflon insulation.

The initial mechanical arrangement did not pass the "rule of thumb" test, which says that if a semiconductor is too hot to hold your thumb on, it will not live a long life. Two large aluminum heat sinks were bolted to the back of the aluminum plate and seem to be sufficient to keep the lamp operating at a reasonable temperature. The LED array produces more heat than the LM317K.

Use:

Connect this circuit to a 24VDC power supply or other power source such as a solar-charged lead acid battery. Be sure to observe the correct polarity. Look away from the LEDs and apply power. Again, do not stare directly at the LEDs, they are bright enough to harm your vision. A switch-mode power supply rated at 24VDC and 1 Amp or more is probably the most energy-efficient way to power this device from line power.

Parts:

1x LM317K T03 case 1.5A adjustable voltage regulator
1x 1.2 ohm 5W resistor (or 2x 2.4 ohm 2W resistors in parallel)
1x 100uF 35V or higher electrolytic capacitor
1x 100nF 35V or higher monolythic capacitor
1x LedEngin LZ1-10R205 deep red 5W LED
1x LedEngin LZ1-10R105 red 5W LED
1x LedEngin LZ1-10A105 amber 5W LED
1x LedEngin LZ1-10G105 green 5W LED
1x LedEngin LZ1-10B105 blue 5W LED
1x LedEngin LZ1-10CW05 cool white 5W LED
Miscellaneous wire, solder lugs, termination strips and hardware,
Large aluminum mounting plate, heat sinks if necessary.

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Programming The Propeller IC

Parallax, well known for its successful Basic Stamp IC, has recently introduced the Propeller: a new microcontroller with a certain difference. It packs no less than eight 32-bit processors (referred to as COGs in Propeller jargon) into a single package with only 40 pins. That design takes genuine simultaneous multiprocessing possible, and the sophisticated internal structure of the device makes it relatively easy to implement video and signal-processing applications. The Propeller can be programmed in assembly language or the high-level Spin language. The processor and the programming tools were developed entirely in-house by Parallax, with the hardware being designed from scratch starting at the transistor level.

Circuit diagram:
programming-the-propeller-ic-circuit-diagramw

programming-the-propeller-ic-circuit-diagramw

Programming The Propeller IC Circuit Diagram

The basic idea behind that was to avoid becoming involved in all sorts of patent disputes with other manufacturers. The result is astounding, and for software developers it certainly requires a change in mental gears. As is customary with modern microprocessors, the Propeller has a simple serial programming interface. The developer’s toolkit from Parallax has a modern USB port for that purpose, but a reasonably simple alternative (illustrated here) is also possible for anyone who prefers to work with the familiar RS232 port. Don’t forget that the Propeller works with a 3.3-V supply voltage.

Source by : Streampowers

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Night Lamp

This simple night lamp required very low current as 350mA. So you can operate this lamp using one normal 1.5V battery. But we recommend using alkaline batteries as you can operate long time without any headache.

When you buy a IC for this circuit make sure it is Cmos type. To get best results do not use an ordinary LED cheap bulb, use a good one. You can build this lamp without the photo resister but it will be then affect to the duration of the battery you can use, there for use photo resister to double the running time as mention in the diagram.

When daylight comes the photo resister will automatically disconnect the circuit and with the darkness it will be switched on again.

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Monday, April 8, 2013

VU LED Indicator Schematic

VU LED indicator is simpler and smaller than their analog, and very common in audio equipment. This version is based on National Semiconductor IC, and using the logarithmic version. Each LED operates with a 3dB difference from before, and the jumper is provided to allow dot or bar mode.

The circuit is completely conventional, and is based on application notes from National Semiconductor. The circuit is shown in the picture below and you can view it with a single IC and some discrete components. DC to the LED is almost filtered - C1 are included to ensure that the IC does not oscillate, and is not a filter cap.

This allows a higher LED current with lower dissipation than is the case if the DC is fully refined, and full smoothing would also require much larger capacitors. This will increase the size and cost of the project - especially important if you want to use in larger quantities that may occur with a mixer or analyzer.It could not be simpler. At the maximum level that you want to operate the equipment (as shown on the audio millivoltmeter or an oscilloscope with a signal applied), adjust VR1 so that the signal light to all the green LED (L1 is the most sensitive, and L10 showed the maximum level, so L1 to L8 should be lit ). If the input directly from the speaker output, an additional series resistor should be used in terminal "Aud" input to reduce the level. This can be determined by calculation (I leave it to you) or by experiment. As a guide, for 50W amplifier, an external resistance should be about 47k ohms.If you calibrate the meter for the power amplifier, set the output to a level below clipping. Adjust the level control until the LED turns on. In this way, if (L10) LED bulbs last when youre listening to music, youll know that you are very close to clipping, and volume should be reduced.

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Electric Guitar Preamplifier

Here is the circuit diagram of a guitar preamplifier that would accept any standard guitar pickup. It is also versatile in that it has two signal outputs. A typical example of using a pick-up attached to a guitar headstock is shown in Fig. 1. The pickup device has a transducer on one end and a jack on the other end. The jack can be plugged into a preamplifier circuit and then to a power amplifier system. The pickup device captures mechanical vibrations, usually from stringed instruments such as guitar or violin, and converts them into an electrical signal, which can then be amplified by an audio amplifier. It is most often mounted on the body of the instrument, but can also be attached to the bridge, neck, pick-guard or headstock.

1Electric-Guitar-Pre-Amplifier1

The first part of this preamplifier circuit shown in Fig. 2 is a single-transistor common-emitter amplifier with degenerative feedback in the emitter and a boot-strapped bias divider to secure optimal input impedance. With the component values shown here, the input impedance is above 50 kilo-ohms and the peak output voltage is about 2V RMS. Master-level-control potentiometer VR1 should be adjusted for minimal distortion. The input from guitar pickup is fed to this preamplifier at J1 terminal. The signal is buffered and processed by the op-amp circuit wired around IC TL071 (IC1). Set the gain using preset VR2. The circuit has a master and a slave control. RCA socket J2 is the master signal output socket and socket J3 is the slave.

Electric-Guitar-Pre-Amplifier circuit

It is much better to take the signal from J2 as the input to the power amplifier system or sound mixer. Output signals from J3 can be used to drive a standard headphone amplifier. Using potentiometer VR3, set the slave output signal level at J3. House the circuit in a metallic case. VR1 and VR3 should preferably be the types with metal enclosures. To prevent hum, ground the case and the enclosures. A well-regulated 9V DC power supply is crucial for this circuit. However, a standard 9V alkaline manganese battery can also be used to power the circuit. Switch S1 is a power on/off switch.

Source:EFY Mag

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How to Make a Light Activated Day Night Switch Circuit – Science Fair Project

This is the circuit diagram of a light activated switch based on National Semiconductors comparator IC LM 311 and a LDR. The circuit is based on a voltage comparator circuit wired around IC 1.The non inverting in put of IC1 is given with a reference voltage of 6V using resistors R3 and R4. The input to the inverting input will be the voltage across the LDR that is light dependent. At darkness the resistance of the LDR will be high and so do the voltage across it.

At this condition the voltage at the inverting input will be higher than the reference at non inverting pin and the out put of the comparator will be low(~o V). When the LDR is illuminated ,its resistance drops and so do the voltage across it.Now the voltage at inverting input will be lower than that at non inverting input and the out put of the comparator goes high (~12 V). This makes transistor Q1 on and it drives the relay.As a result we get a relay switching according to the intensity of the light falling on the LDR.

Light Activated Switch Circuit Diagram with Parts List .

Light Activated Switch Circuit Diagram

Notes.

Adjust POT R1 to set the desired light intensity for switching the relay.For this illuminate the LDR with the desire intensity light.The relay will be either on or off.Adjust POT R1 slowly so that the state of the relay changes.That’s it.Now the circuit is set for the given intensity of light.
Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB or common board.
You can use either a 12 V battery or a well regulated & filtered 12V DC mains operated power supply.
The pin 5&6 (Balance & Balance/Strobe ) of IC LM311 are shorted to minimize the chance of oscillations.
The pin out of LM311 is also given together with the circuit diagram.

THIS PROJECT BY http://www.circuitstoday.com/light-activated-switch-circuit

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Discharge the large electrolytic capacitor load

If the switching regulator fails to work or fail to start, then it is usually of the electrolytic capacitor is storing charge. There are habits of some engineers dumping electrolyte capacitor like this using solder. This is actually a poor habit. Because without them knowing things like this sometimes can lead to broken solder element.

Why this may happen?

Elco Capacitors

Electrolytic Capacitor

Note that the voltage on the electric charge of the electrolyte capacitor is 300V. While working voltage 220v only solder element. If the charge on the electrolytic capacitors are still full and the 220u electrolytic capacitors or more then this electric charge can only damage the solder element.

Another bad habit of throwing of the electrolytic capacitor is to download shortkan legs electrolyte capacitor with a screwdriver. It is no possibility of damaging electrolytic capacitor itself, in which connection leg electrolyte capacitor is no risk in it will burn.

How should the dumping of the electrolytic capacitors?

Always provide a resistor with a value of about 30k ~ 50k/2w
If the correct power supply to the problem fails to work, then the resistor is normally for a while we solder directly on the legs of of the electrolytic capacitor. And if the problem is ok, the new resistor is removed.

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Sunday, April 7, 2013

Fuse Box Toyota 1988 Camry 4 cyl Diagram

Fuse Box Toyota 1988 Camry 4 cyl Diagram - Here are new post for Fuse Box Toyota 1988 Camry 4 cyl Diagram.

Fuse Box Toyota 1988 Camry 4 cyl Diagram

Fuse Box Toyota 1988 Camry 4 cyl Diagram

Fuse Box Toyota 1988 Camry 4 cyl Diagram

Fuse Panel Layout Diagram Parts: starter relay, power main relay, turn signal flasher, circuit opening relay, automatic shoulder set computer, A/C amplifier, A/C system amplifier, horn relay, heater relay, blower control relay, door lock control relay, seat belt warning relay.

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Ethernet Cablecat5rj45 Connectorsvsat

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Ethernet Cable Connection Between The Dsl Modem And The Netgear Hub

Ethernet Cable Connection Between The Dsl Modem And The Netgear Hub.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Cat7 Cables 100 Ohm Utp Unshielded Twisted Pair Ethernet Wiring

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Cat7 Cables 100 Ohm Utp Unshielded Twisted Pair Ethernet Wiring

Cat7 Cables 100 Ohm Utp Unshielded Twisted Pair Ethernet Wiring.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Qvlweb Ethernet Wiring And Loop Back

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Qvlweb Ethernet Wiring And Loop Back

Qvlweb Ethernet Wiring And Loop Back.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Known As 568b Is The Most Common Arrangement For Ethernet Cable

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Known As 568b Is The Most Common Arrangement For Ethernet Cable

Known As 568b Is The Most Common Arrangement For Ethernet Cable.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Cat 5 Utp Ethernet Crossover Cable How To Tips And Diy Guideline

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Cat 5 Utp Ethernet Crossover Cable How To Tips And Diy Guideline

Cat 5 Utp Ethernet Crossover Cable How To Tips And Diy Guideline.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Cat 5 Ethernet Cable Standards Pin Out Assignments

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Cat 5 Ethernet Cable Standards Pin Out Assignments

Cat 5 Ethernet Cable Standards Pin Out Assignments.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on How To Make An Ethernet Cable Cat5 Rj45 Connectors Vsat

Ethernet Cable Wiring on How To Make An Ethernet Cable Cat5 Rj45 Connectors Vsat

How To Make An Ethernet Cable Cat5 Rj45 Connectors Vsat.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Ethernet Straight Through Cable Pin Configuration

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Ethernet Straight Through Cable Pin Configuration

Ethernet Straight Through Cable Pin Configuration.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Difference Between Straight Through Crossover And Rollover Cables

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Difference Between Straight Through Crossover And Rollover Cables

Difference Between Straight Through Crossover And Rollover Cables.

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Figure B 7 Typical Color Codes For A Standard Rj 45 Ethernet Cable

Ethernet Cable Wiring on Figure B 7 Typical Color Codes For A Standard Rj 45 Ethernet Cable

Figure B 7 Typical Color Codes For A Standard Rj 45 Ethernet Cable.

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